Tablas t de Student, z (normal estándar), chi-cuadrado y F calculadas con precisión, con cómo leer cada una y el valor p exacto de tu estadístico.
Las cuatro tablas de distribución que se usan en un curso de estadística o en una tesis, calculadas con precisión (no copiadas de un libro) y con la explicación de cómo leer cada una. Si tienes el valor de tu estadístico, el valor p exacto es mejor que comparar con un valor crítico: lo calcula la herramienta de arriba, y es lo que pide APA 7.
Busca la fila de tus grados de libertad (gl = n − 1 para una muestra; n₁ + n₂ − 2 para dos grupos independientes con varianzas iguales) y la columna de tu α. La primera fila de encabezado es el α bilateral y la segunda, el unilateral equivalente. Ejemplo: con gl = 20 y α = .05 bilateral, t crítico = 2,086; si tu |t| es mayor, el resultado es significativo. La última fila (∞) coincide con la normal estándar.
| α bilateral | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gl | .20 | .10 | .05 | .02 | .01 | .001 |
| α unilateral | .10 | .05 | .025 | .01 | .005 | .0005 |
| 1 | 3.078 | 6.314 | 12.706 | 31.821 | 63.657 | 636.619 |
| 2 | 1.886 | 2.920 | 4.303 | 6.965 | 9.925 | 31.599 |
| 3 | 1.638 | 2.353 | 3.182 | 4.541 | 5.841 | 12.924 |
| 4 | 1.533 | 2.132 | 2.776 | 3.747 | 4.604 | 8.610 |
| 5 | 1.476 | 2.015 | 2.571 | 3.365 | 4.032 | 6.869 |
| 6 | 1.440 | 1.943 | 2.447 | 3.143 | 3.707 | 5.959 |
| 7 | 1.415 | 1.895 | 2.365 | 2.998 | 3.499 | 5.408 |
| 8 | 1.397 | 1.860 | 2.306 | 2.896 | 3.355 | 5.041 |
| 9 | 1.383 | 1.833 | 2.262 | 2.821 | 3.250 | 4.781 |
| 10 | 1.372 | 1.812 | 2.228 | 2.764 | 3.169 | 4.587 |
| 11 | 1.363 | 1.796 | 2.201 | 2.718 | 3.106 | 4.437 |
| 12 | 1.356 | 1.782 | 2.179 | 2.681 | 3.055 | 4.318 |
| 13 | 1.350 | 1.771 | 2.160 | 2.650 | 3.012 | 4.221 |
| 14 | 1.345 | 1.761 | 2.145 | 2.624 | 2.977 | 4.140 |
| 15 | 1.341 | 1.753 | 2.131 | 2.602 | 2.947 | 4.073 |
| 16 | 1.337 | 1.746 | 2.120 | 2.583 | 2.921 | 4.015 |
| 17 | 1.333 | 1.740 | 2.110 | 2.567 | 2.898 | 3.965 |
| 18 | 1.330 | 1.734 | 2.101 | 2.552 | 2.878 | 3.922 |
| 19 | 1.328 | 1.729 | 2.093 | 2.539 | 2.861 | 3.883 |
| 20 | 1.325 | 1.725 | 2.086 | 2.528 | 2.845 | 3.850 |
| 21 | 1.323 | 1.721 | 2.080 | 2.518 | 2.831 | 3.819 |
| 22 | 1.321 | 1.717 | 2.074 | 2.508 | 2.819 | 3.792 |
| 23 | 1.319 | 1.714 | 2.069 | 2.500 | 2.807 | 3.768 |
| 24 | 1.318 | 1.711 | 2.064 | 2.492 | 2.797 | 3.745 |
| 25 | 1.316 | 1.708 | 2.060 | 2.485 | 2.787 | 3.725 |
| 26 | 1.315 | 1.706 | 2.056 | 2.479 | 2.779 | 3.707 |
| 27 | 1.314 | 1.703 | 2.052 | 2.473 | 2.771 | 3.690 |
| 28 | 1.313 | 1.701 | 2.048 | 2.467 | 2.763 | 3.674 |
| 29 | 1.311 | 1.699 | 2.045 | 2.462 | 2.756 | 3.659 |
| 30 | 1.310 | 1.697 | 2.042 | 2.457 | 2.750 | 3.646 |
| 40 | 1.303 | 1.684 | 2.021 | 2.423 | 2.704 | 3.551 |
| 50 | 1.299 | 1.676 | 2.009 | 2.403 | 2.678 | 3.496 |
| 60 | 1.296 | 1.671 | 2.000 | 2.390 | 2.660 | 3.460 |
| 80 | 1.292 | 1.664 | 1.990 | 2.374 | 2.639 | 3.416 |
| 100 | 1.290 | 1.660 | 1.984 | 2.364 | 2.626 | 3.390 |
| 120 | 1.289 | 1.658 | 1.980 | 2.358 | 2.617 | 3.373 |
| ∞ | 1.282 | 1.645 | 1.960 | 2.326 | 2.576 | 3.291 |
Cada casilla es Φ(z), la proporción del área bajo la curva normal que queda a la izquierda de z. La fila da las unidades y las décimas de z y la columna, las centésimas: Φ(1,96) está en la fila 1.9 y la columna 0.06, y vale 0,9750. Para z negativas, usa la simetría: Φ(−z) = 1 − Φ(z). El área entre −1,96 y 1,96 es 0,95, de ahí el 1,96 de los intervalos del 95 %.
| z | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0 | 0.5000 | 0.5040 | 0.5080 | 0.5120 | 0.5160 | 0.5199 | 0.5239 | 0.5279 | 0.5319 | 0.5359 |
| 0.1 | 0.5398 | 0.5438 | 0.5478 | 0.5517 | 0.5557 | 0.5596 | 0.5636 | 0.5675 | 0.5714 | 0.5753 |
| 0.2 | 0.5793 | 0.5832 | 0.5871 | 0.5910 | 0.5948 | 0.5987 | 0.6026 | 0.6064 | 0.6103 | 0.6141 |
| 0.3 | 0.6179 | 0.6217 | 0.6255 | 0.6293 | 0.6331 | 0.6368 | 0.6406 | 0.6443 | 0.6480 | 0.6517 |
| 0.4 | 0.6554 | 0.6591 | 0.6628 | 0.6664 | 0.6700 | 0.6736 | 0.6772 | 0.6808 | 0.6844 | 0.6879 |
| 0.5 | 0.6915 | 0.6950 | 0.6985 | 0.7019 | 0.7054 | 0.7088 | 0.7123 | 0.7157 | 0.7190 | 0.7224 |
| 0.6 | 0.7257 | 0.7291 | 0.7324 | 0.7357 | 0.7389 | 0.7422 | 0.7454 | 0.7486 | 0.7517 | 0.7549 |
| 0.7 | 0.7580 | 0.7611 | 0.7642 | 0.7673 | 0.7704 | 0.7734 | 0.7764 | 0.7794 | 0.7823 | 0.7852 |
| 0.8 | 0.7881 | 0.7910 | 0.7939 | 0.7967 | 0.7995 | 0.8023 | 0.8051 | 0.8078 | 0.8106 | 0.8133 |
| 0.9 | 0.8159 | 0.8186 | 0.8212 | 0.8238 | 0.8264 | 0.8289 | 0.8315 | 0.8340 | 0.8365 | 0.8389 |
| 1.0 | 0.8413 | 0.8438 | 0.8461 | 0.8485 | 0.8508 | 0.8531 | 0.8554 | 0.8577 | 0.8599 | 0.8621 |
| 1.1 | 0.8643 | 0.8665 | 0.8686 | 0.8708 | 0.8729 | 0.8749 | 0.8770 | 0.8790 | 0.8810 | 0.8830 |
| 1.2 | 0.8849 | 0.8869 | 0.8888 | 0.8907 | 0.8925 | 0.8944 | 0.8962 | 0.8980 | 0.8997 | 0.9015 |
| 1.3 | 0.9032 | 0.9049 | 0.9066 | 0.9082 | 0.9099 | 0.9115 | 0.9131 | 0.9147 | 0.9162 | 0.9177 |
| 1.4 | 0.9192 | 0.9207 | 0.9222 | 0.9236 | 0.9251 | 0.9265 | 0.9279 | 0.9292 | 0.9306 | 0.9319 |
| 1.5 | 0.9332 | 0.9345 | 0.9357 | 0.9370 | 0.9382 | 0.9394 | 0.9406 | 0.9418 | 0.9429 | 0.9441 |
| 1.6 | 0.9452 | 0.9463 | 0.9474 | 0.9484 | 0.9495 | 0.9505 | 0.9515 | 0.9525 | 0.9535 | 0.9545 |
| 1.7 | 0.9554 | 0.9564 | 0.9573 | 0.9582 | 0.9591 | 0.9599 | 0.9608 | 0.9616 | 0.9625 | 0.9633 |
| 1.8 | 0.9641 | 0.9649 | 0.9656 | 0.9664 | 0.9671 | 0.9678 | 0.9686 | 0.9693 | 0.9699 | 0.9706 |
| 1.9 | 0.9713 | 0.9719 | 0.9726 | 0.9732 | 0.9738 | 0.9744 | 0.9750 | 0.9756 | 0.9761 | 0.9767 |
| 2.0 | 0.9772 | 0.9778 | 0.9783 | 0.9788 | 0.9793 | 0.9798 | 0.9803 | 0.9808 | 0.9812 | 0.9817 |
| 2.1 | 0.9821 | 0.9826 | 0.9830 | 0.9834 | 0.9838 | 0.9842 | 0.9846 | 0.9850 | 0.9854 | 0.9857 |
| 2.2 | 0.9861 | 0.9864 | 0.9868 | 0.9871 | 0.9875 | 0.9878 | 0.9881 | 0.9884 | 0.9887 | 0.9890 |
| 2.3 | 0.9893 | 0.9896 | 0.9898 | 0.9901 | 0.9904 | 0.9906 | 0.9909 | 0.9911 | 0.9913 | 0.9916 |
| 2.4 | 0.9918 | 0.9920 | 0.9922 | 0.9925 | 0.9927 | 0.9929 | 0.9931 | 0.9932 | 0.9934 | 0.9936 |
| 2.5 | 0.9938 | 0.9940 | 0.9941 | 0.9943 | 0.9945 | 0.9946 | 0.9948 | 0.9949 | 0.9951 | 0.9952 |
| 2.6 | 0.9953 | 0.9955 | 0.9956 | 0.9957 | 0.9959 | 0.9960 | 0.9961 | 0.9962 | 0.9963 | 0.9964 |
| 2.7 | 0.9965 | 0.9966 | 0.9967 | 0.9968 | 0.9969 | 0.9970 | 0.9971 | 0.9972 | 0.9973 | 0.9974 |
| 2.8 | 0.9974 | 0.9975 | 0.9976 | 0.9977 | 0.9977 | 0.9978 | 0.9979 | 0.9979 | 0.9980 | 0.9981 |
| 2.9 | 0.9981 | 0.9982 | 0.9982 | 0.9983 | 0.9984 | 0.9984 | 0.9985 | 0.9985 | 0.9986 | 0.9986 |
| 3.0 | 0.9987 | 0.9987 | 0.9987 | 0.9988 | 0.9988 | 0.9989 | 0.9989 | 0.9989 | 0.9990 | 0.9990 |
| 3.1 | 0.9990 | 0.9991 | 0.9991 | 0.9991 | 0.9992 | 0.9992 | 0.9992 | 0.9992 | 0.9993 | 0.9993 |
| 3.2 | 0.9993 | 0.9993 | 0.9994 | 0.9994 | 0.9994 | 0.9994 | 0.9994 | 0.9995 | 0.9995 | 0.9995 |
| 3.3 | 0.9995 | 0.9995 | 0.9995 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9997 |
| 3.4 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9998 |
| α | Confianza del IC | z crítico bilateral | z crítico unilateral |
|---|---|---|---|
| .20 | 80 % | ±1.282 | 0.842 |
| .10 | 90 % | ±1.645 | 1.282 |
| .05 | 95 % | ±1.960 | 1.645 |
| .02 | 98 % | ±2.326 | 2.054 |
| .01 | 99 % | ±2.576 | 2.326 |
| .001 | 99.9 % | ±3.291 | 3.090 |
Cada casilla es el valor que deja a su derecha una proporción α de la distribución χ² con esos grados de libertad. En una tabla de contingencia, gl = (filas − 1) × (columnas − 1); en una prueba de bondad de ajuste, categorías − 1. Ejemplo: una tabla 2 × 3 tiene gl = 2 y, con α = .05, el valor crítico es 5,991.
| α (cola superior) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gl | .10 | .05 | .025 | .01 | .005 | .001 |
| 1 | 2.706 | 3.841 | 5.024 | 6.635 | 7.879 | 10.828 |
| 2 | 4.605 | 5.991 | 7.378 | 9.210 | 10.597 | 13.816 |
| 3 | 6.251 | 7.815 | 9.348 | 11.345 | 12.838 | 16.266 |
| 4 | 7.779 | 9.488 | 11.143 | 13.277 | 14.860 | 18.467 |
| 5 | 9.236 | 11.070 | 12.833 | 15.086 | 16.750 | 20.515 |
| 6 | 10.645 | 12.592 | 14.449 | 16.812 | 18.548 | 22.458 |
| 7 | 12.017 | 14.067 | 16.013 | 18.475 | 20.278 | 24.322 |
| 8 | 13.362 | 15.507 | 17.535 | 20.090 | 21.955 | 26.124 |
| 9 | 14.684 | 16.919 | 19.023 | 21.666 | 23.589 | 27.877 |
| 10 | 15.987 | 18.307 | 20.483 | 23.209 | 25.188 | 29.588 |
| 11 | 17.275 | 19.675 | 21.920 | 24.725 | 26.757 | 31.264 |
| 12 | 18.549 | 21.026 | 23.337 | 26.217 | 28.300 | 32.909 |
| 13 | 19.812 | 22.362 | 24.736 | 27.688 | 29.819 | 34.528 |
| 14 | 21.064 | 23.685 | 26.119 | 29.141 | 31.319 | 36.123 |
| 15 | 22.307 | 24.996 | 27.488 | 30.578 | 32.801 | 37.697 |
| 16 | 23.542 | 26.296 | 28.845 | 32.000 | 34.267 | 39.252 |
| 17 | 24.769 | 27.587 | 30.191 | 33.409 | 35.718 | 40.790 |
| 18 | 25.989 | 28.869 | 31.526 | 34.805 | 37.156 | 42.312 |
| 19 | 27.204 | 30.144 | 32.852 | 36.191 | 38.582 | 43.820 |
| 20 | 28.412 | 31.410 | 34.170 | 37.566 | 39.997 | 45.315 |
| 21 | 29.615 | 32.671 | 35.479 | 38.932 | 41.401 | 46.797 |
| 22 | 30.813 | 33.924 | 36.781 | 40.289 | 42.796 | 48.268 |
| 23 | 32.007 | 35.172 | 38.076 | 41.638 | 44.181 | 49.728 |
| 24 | 33.196 | 36.415 | 39.364 | 42.980 | 45.559 | 51.179 |
| 25 | 34.382 | 37.652 | 40.646 | 44.314 | 46.928 | 52.620 |
| 26 | 35.563 | 38.885 | 41.923 | 45.642 | 48.290 | 54.052 |
| 27 | 36.741 | 40.113 | 43.195 | 46.963 | 49.645 | 55.476 |
| 28 | 37.916 | 41.337 | 44.461 | 48.278 | 50.993 | 56.892 |
| 29 | 39.087 | 42.557 | 45.722 | 49.588 | 52.336 | 58.301 |
| 30 | 40.256 | 43.773 | 46.979 | 50.892 | 53.672 | 59.703 |
| 40 | 51.805 | 55.758 | 59.342 | 63.691 | 66.766 | 73.402 |
| 50 | 63.167 | 67.505 | 71.420 | 76.154 | 79.490 | 86.661 |
| 60 | 74.397 | 79.082 | 83.298 | 88.379 | 91.952 | 99.607 |
| 70 | 85.527 | 90.531 | 95.023 | 100.425 | 104.215 | 112.317 |
| 80 | 96.578 | 101.879 | 106.629 | 112.329 | 116.321 | 124.839 |
| 90 | 107.565 | 113.145 | 118.136 | 124.116 | 128.299 | 137.208 |
| 100 | 118.498 | 124.342 | 129.561 | 135.807 | 140.169 | 149.449 |
La F tiene dos grados de libertad: gl₁ en el numerador (columnas) y gl₂ en el denominador (filas). En un ANOVA de un factor, gl₁ = grupos − 1 y gl₂ = N − grupos. Ejemplo: 3 grupos y 30 participantes dan F(2, 27); con α = .05 el valor crítico es 3,354.
| gl₁ (numerador) → | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gl₂ ↓ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 20 |
| 1 | 161.45 | 199.50 | 215.71 | 224.58 | 230.16 | 233.99 | 236.77 | 238.88 | 240.54 | 241.88 | 243.91 | 245.95 | 248.01 |
| 2 | 18.513 | 19.000 | 19.164 | 19.247 | 19.296 | 19.330 | 19.353 | 19.371 | 19.385 | 19.396 | 19.413 | 19.429 | 19.446 |
| 3 | 10.128 | 9.552 | 9.277 | 9.117 | 9.013 | 8.941 | 8.887 | 8.845 | 8.812 | 8.786 | 8.745 | 8.703 | 8.660 |
| 4 | 7.709 | 6.944 | 6.591 | 6.388 | 6.256 | 6.163 | 6.094 | 6.041 | 5.999 | 5.964 | 5.912 | 5.858 | 5.803 |
| 5 | 6.608 | 5.786 | 5.409 | 5.192 | 5.050 | 4.950 | 4.876 | 4.818 | 4.772 | 4.735 | 4.678 | 4.619 | 4.558 |
| 6 | 5.987 | 5.143 | 4.757 | 4.534 | 4.387 | 4.284 | 4.207 | 4.147 | 4.099 | 4.060 | 4.000 | 3.938 | 3.874 |
| 7 | 5.591 | 4.737 | 4.347 | 4.120 | 3.972 | 3.866 | 3.787 | 3.726 | 3.677 | 3.637 | 3.575 | 3.511 | 3.445 |
| 8 | 5.318 | 4.459 | 4.066 | 3.838 | 3.687 | 3.581 | 3.500 | 3.438 | 3.388 | 3.347 | 3.284 | 3.218 | 3.150 |
| 9 | 5.117 | 4.256 | 3.863 | 3.633 | 3.482 | 3.374 | 3.293 | 3.230 | 3.179 | 3.137 | 3.073 | 3.006 | 2.936 |
| 10 | 4.965 | 4.103 | 3.708 | 3.478 | 3.326 | 3.217 | 3.135 | 3.072 | 3.020 | 2.978 | 2.913 | 2.845 | 2.774 |
| 11 | 4.844 | 3.982 | 3.587 | 3.357 | 3.204 | 3.095 | 3.012 | 2.948 | 2.896 | 2.854 | 2.788 | 2.719 | 2.646 |
| 12 | 4.747 | 3.885 | 3.490 | 3.259 | 3.106 | 2.996 | 2.913 | 2.849 | 2.796 | 2.753 | 2.687 | 2.617 | 2.544 |
| 13 | 4.667 | 3.806 | 3.411 | 3.179 | 3.025 | 2.915 | 2.832 | 2.767 | 2.714 | 2.671 | 2.604 | 2.533 | 2.459 |
| 14 | 4.600 | 3.739 | 3.344 | 3.112 | 2.958 | 2.848 | 2.764 | 2.699 | 2.646 | 2.602 | 2.534 | 2.463 | 2.388 |
| 15 | 4.543 | 3.682 | 3.287 | 3.056 | 2.901 | 2.790 | 2.707 | 2.641 | 2.588 | 2.544 | 2.475 | 2.403 | 2.328 |
| 16 | 4.494 | 3.634 | 3.239 | 3.007 | 2.852 | 2.741 | 2.657 | 2.591 | 2.538 | 2.494 | 2.425 | 2.352 | 2.276 |
| 17 | 4.451 | 3.592 | 3.197 | 2.965 | 2.810 | 2.699 | 2.614 | 2.548 | 2.494 | 2.450 | 2.381 | 2.308 | 2.230 |
| 18 | 4.414 | 3.555 | 3.160 | 2.928 | 2.773 | 2.661 | 2.577 | 2.510 | 2.456 | 2.412 | 2.342 | 2.269 | 2.191 |
| 19 | 4.381 | 3.522 | 3.127 | 2.895 | 2.740 | 2.628 | 2.544 | 2.477 | 2.423 | 2.378 | 2.308 | 2.234 | 2.155 |
| 20 | 4.351 | 3.493 | 3.098 | 2.866 | 2.711 | 2.599 | 2.514 | 2.447 | 2.393 | 2.348 | 2.278 | 2.203 | 2.124 |
| 21 | 4.325 | 3.467 | 3.072 | 2.840 | 2.685 | 2.573 | 2.488 | 2.420 | 2.366 | 2.321 | 2.250 | 2.176 | 2.096 |
| 22 | 4.301 | 3.443 | 3.049 | 2.817 | 2.661 | 2.549 | 2.464 | 2.397 | 2.342 | 2.297 | 2.226 | 2.151 | 2.071 |
| 23 | 4.279 | 3.422 | 3.028 | 2.796 | 2.640 | 2.528 | 2.442 | 2.375 | 2.320 | 2.275 | 2.204 | 2.128 | 2.048 |
| 24 | 4.260 | 3.403 | 3.009 | 2.776 | 2.621 | 2.508 | 2.423 | 2.355 | 2.300 | 2.255 | 2.183 | 2.108 | 2.027 |
| 25 | 4.242 | 3.385 | 2.991 | 2.759 | 2.603 | 2.490 | 2.405 | 2.337 | 2.282 | 2.236 | 2.165 | 2.089 | 2.007 |
| 26 | 4.225 | 3.369 | 2.975 | 2.743 | 2.587 | 2.474 | 2.388 | 2.321 | 2.265 | 2.220 | 2.148 | 2.072 | 1.990 |
| 27 | 4.210 | 3.354 | 2.960 | 2.728 | 2.572 | 2.459 | 2.373 | 2.305 | 2.250 | 2.204 | 2.132 | 2.056 | 1.974 |
| 28 | 4.196 | 3.340 | 2.947 | 2.714 | 2.558 | 2.445 | 2.359 | 2.291 | 2.236 | 2.190 | 2.118 | 2.041 | 1.959 |
| 29 | 4.183 | 3.328 | 2.934 | 2.701 | 2.545 | 2.432 | 2.346 | 2.278 | 2.223 | 2.177 | 2.104 | 2.027 | 1.945 |
| 30 | 4.171 | 3.316 | 2.922 | 2.690 | 2.534 | 2.421 | 2.334 | 2.266 | 2.211 | 2.165 | 2.092 | 2.015 | 1.932 |
| 40 | 4.085 | 3.232 | 2.839 | 2.606 | 2.449 | 2.336 | 2.249 | 2.180 | 2.124 | 2.077 | 2.003 | 1.924 | 1.839 |
| 60 | 4.001 | 3.150 | 2.758 | 2.525 | 2.368 | 2.254 | 2.167 | 2.097 | 2.040 | 1.993 | 1.917 | 1.836 | 1.748 |
| 120 | 3.920 | 3.072 | 2.680 | 2.447 | 2.290 | 2.175 | 2.087 | 2.016 | 1.959 | 1.910 | 1.834 | 1.750 | 1.659 |
| ∞ | 3.841 | 2.996 | 2.605 | 2.372 | 2.214 | 2.099 | 2.010 | 1.938 | 1.880 | 1.831 | 1.752 | 1.666 | 1.571 |
| gl₁ (numerador) → | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gl₂ ↓ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 20 |
| 1 | 4052.2 | 4999.5 | 5403.4 | 5624.6 | 5763.6 | 5859.0 | 5928.4 | 5981.1 | 6022.5 | 6055.8 | 6106.3 | 6157.3 | 6208.7 |
| 2 | 98.503 | 99.000 | 99.166 | 99.249 | 99.299 | 99.333 | 99.356 | 99.374 | 99.388 | 99.399 | 99.416 | 99.433 | 99.449 |
| 3 | 34.116 | 30.817 | 29.457 | 28.710 | 28.237 | 27.911 | 27.672 | 27.489 | 27.345 | 27.229 | 27.052 | 26.872 | 26.690 |
| 4 | 21.198 | 18.000 | 16.694 | 15.977 | 15.522 | 15.207 | 14.976 | 14.799 | 14.659 | 14.546 | 14.374 | 14.198 | 14.020 |
| 5 | 16.258 | 13.274 | 12.060 | 11.392 | 10.967 | 10.672 | 10.456 | 10.289 | 10.158 | 10.051 | 9.888 | 9.722 | 9.553 |
| 6 | 13.745 | 10.925 | 9.780 | 9.148 | 8.746 | 8.466 | 8.260 | 8.102 | 7.976 | 7.874 | 7.718 | 7.559 | 7.396 |
| 7 | 12.246 | 9.547 | 8.451 | 7.847 | 7.460 | 7.191 | 6.993 | 6.840 | 6.719 | 6.620 | 6.469 | 6.314 | 6.155 |
| 8 | 11.259 | 8.649 | 7.591 | 7.006 | 6.632 | 6.371 | 6.178 | 6.029 | 5.911 | 5.814 | 5.667 | 5.515 | 5.359 |
| 9 | 10.561 | 8.022 | 6.992 | 6.422 | 6.057 | 5.802 | 5.613 | 5.467 | 5.351 | 5.257 | 5.111 | 4.962 | 4.808 |
| 10 | 10.044 | 7.559 | 6.552 | 5.994 | 5.636 | 5.386 | 5.200 | 5.057 | 4.942 | 4.849 | 4.706 | 4.558 | 4.405 |
| 11 | 9.646 | 7.206 | 6.217 | 5.668 | 5.316 | 5.069 | 4.886 | 4.744 | 4.632 | 4.539 | 4.397 | 4.251 | 4.099 |
| 12 | 9.330 | 6.927 | 5.953 | 5.412 | 5.064 | 4.821 | 4.640 | 4.499 | 4.388 | 4.296 | 4.155 | 4.010 | 3.858 |
| 13 | 9.074 | 6.701 | 5.739 | 5.205 | 4.862 | 4.620 | 4.441 | 4.302 | 4.191 | 4.100 | 3.960 | 3.815 | 3.665 |
| 14 | 8.862 | 6.515 | 5.564 | 5.035 | 4.695 | 4.456 | 4.278 | 4.140 | 4.030 | 3.939 | 3.800 | 3.656 | 3.505 |
| 15 | 8.683 | 6.359 | 5.417 | 4.893 | 4.556 | 4.318 | 4.142 | 4.004 | 3.895 | 3.805 | 3.666 | 3.522 | 3.372 |
| 16 | 8.531 | 6.226 | 5.292 | 4.773 | 4.437 | 4.202 | 4.026 | 3.890 | 3.780 | 3.691 | 3.553 | 3.409 | 3.259 |
| 17 | 8.400 | 6.112 | 5.185 | 4.669 | 4.336 | 4.102 | 3.927 | 3.791 | 3.682 | 3.593 | 3.455 | 3.312 | 3.162 |
| 18 | 8.285 | 6.013 | 5.092 | 4.579 | 4.248 | 4.015 | 3.841 | 3.705 | 3.597 | 3.508 | 3.371 | 3.227 | 3.077 |
| 19 | 8.185 | 5.926 | 5.010 | 4.500 | 4.171 | 3.939 | 3.765 | 3.631 | 3.523 | 3.434 | 3.297 | 3.153 | 3.003 |
| 20 | 8.096 | 5.849 | 4.938 | 4.431 | 4.103 | 3.871 | 3.699 | 3.564 | 3.457 | 3.368 | 3.231 | 3.088 | 2.938 |
| 21 | 8.017 | 5.780 | 4.874 | 4.369 | 4.042 | 3.812 | 3.640 | 3.506 | 3.398 | 3.310 | 3.173 | 3.030 | 2.880 |
| 22 | 7.945 | 5.719 | 4.817 | 4.313 | 3.988 | 3.758 | 3.587 | 3.453 | 3.346 | 3.258 | 3.121 | 2.978 | 2.827 |
| 23 | 7.881 | 5.664 | 4.765 | 4.264 | 3.939 | 3.710 | 3.539 | 3.406 | 3.299 | 3.211 | 3.074 | 2.931 | 2.781 |
| 24 | 7.823 | 5.614 | 4.718 | 4.218 | 3.895 | 3.667 | 3.496 | 3.363 | 3.256 | 3.168 | 3.032 | 2.889 | 2.738 |
| 25 | 7.770 | 5.568 | 4.675 | 4.177 | 3.855 | 3.627 | 3.457 | 3.324 | 3.217 | 3.129 | 2.993 | 2.850 | 2.699 |
| 26 | 7.721 | 5.526 | 4.637 | 4.140 | 3.818 | 3.591 | 3.421 | 3.288 | 3.182 | 3.094 | 2.958 | 2.815 | 2.664 |
| 27 | 7.677 | 5.488 | 4.601 | 4.106 | 3.785 | 3.558 | 3.388 | 3.256 | 3.149 | 3.062 | 2.926 | 2.783 | 2.632 |
| 28 | 7.636 | 5.453 | 4.568 | 4.074 | 3.754 | 3.528 | 3.358 | 3.226 | 3.120 | 3.032 | 2.896 | 2.753 | 2.602 |
| 29 | 7.598 | 5.420 | 4.538 | 4.045 | 3.725 | 3.499 | 3.330 | 3.198 | 3.092 | 3.005 | 2.868 | 2.726 | 2.574 |
| 30 | 7.562 | 5.390 | 4.510 | 4.018 | 3.699 | 3.473 | 3.304 | 3.173 | 3.067 | 2.979 | 2.843 | 2.700 | 2.549 |
| 40 | 7.314 | 5.179 | 4.313 | 3.828 | 3.514 | 3.291 | 3.124 | 2.993 | 2.888 | 2.801 | 2.665 | 2.522 | 2.369 |
| 60 | 7.077 | 4.977 | 4.126 | 3.649 | 3.339 | 3.119 | 2.953 | 2.823 | 2.718 | 2.632 | 2.496 | 2.352 | 2.198 |
| 120 | 6.851 | 4.787 | 3.949 | 3.480 | 3.174 | 2.956 | 2.792 | 2.663 | 2.559 | 2.472 | 2.336 | 2.192 | 2.035 |
| ∞ | 6.635 | 4.605 | 3.782 | 3.319 | 3.017 | 2.802 | 2.639 | 2.511 | 2.407 | 2.321 | 2.185 | 2.039 | 1.878 |
Las tablas sirven para entender la lógica del contraste y para los exámenes, pero en un artículo se reporta el valor p exacto con dos o tres decimales («p = .019», «p < .001»), no «p < .05» por comparación con la tabla. Cómo hacerlo está en cómo reportar los valores p en APA 7, y qué significa de verdad un p, en qué es un valor p. Para pasar de una puntuación individual a un percentil tienes el conversor de puntuaciones Z, y para el intervalo de una media o una proporción, la calculadora de intervalo de confianza.